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- instruction.pdf
Instructions to Authors
The Instructions to Authors are published in each volume of the International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms (IJMM). Authors are urged to consult a recent copy of IJMM to be consistent in style and detail of presentation, especially with regard to tables, figures, common abbreviations, and references.
IJMM publishes original research articles and critical reviews on the following aspects of medicinal mushrooms: systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, morphology, ecology, biology, tissue cultures, culture collection, cultivation, biotechnology, medicinal macromycetes engineering, biochemistry, chemistry, physiology, secondary metabolism, genetics, pharmacology, medicinal value, therapeutic effects, currently recognized biomedical components and their functions, general characteristics of medicinal uses of medicinal mushrooms, mushrooms in folk medicine and homeopathy, and commercially useful medicinal mushrooms and their products. Articles on new techniques that might promote experimental progress in the forementioned fields are also welcome. In addition to full-length reports of original research, IJMM ublishes short communications and interesting case reports, together with literature reviews. Letters to the editor on topics of interest to readers are also published.
MANUSCRIPTS
Manuscripts are to be sent in duplicate to:
Mrs. Inna N. Duckman
Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa
International Centre of Cryptogamic Plants and Fungi
Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
Telephone: 972-4-8-249-218
Fax: 972-4-8-288-197
E-mail: spwasser@research.haifa.ac.il
Receipt is acknowledged. The editor will inform authors of the editor’s decision and of any action to be taken on the manuscript as soon as possible. Proof corrections must be made within 24 hours and should be limited to typographical errors. The authors receive 25 free offprints; additional offprints can be ordered when returning proofs.
Articles must be concise, clear, and fluent. English should be checked by a native English speaker; spelling should conform consistently to the American form.
Print the entire manuscript double spaced (including references, tables, and figure legends); 26 lines per page of 210–297 mm. Leave margins of 50 mm (left) and 15 to 25 mm (right). Type in lowercase with uppercase only where required by grammar or convention (initials, symbols, acronyms, formulae, abbreviations). Do not underline. Do not break words at the end of a line. Organize the manuscript as follows: title page, abstract, key words, text, acknowledgments, references, tables, legends to figures, figures.
TYPES OF ARTICLES
IJMM publishes several types of articles: Trends, Reviews, Papers, Short Papers, and Methods. Articles for the series Trends and Reviews are either at the request of the editor or proposed by the authors for the editor’s prior agreement. Reviews should not exceed 40 manuscript pages and Short Papers should not exceed 8 typewritten pages.
Papers, Methods, and Short Papers should be organized as follows: Introduction, Materials and Methods (divided), Results (divided and possibly subdivided), Discussion (possibly subdivided), and Acknowledgments. Another feasible presentation places everything under one heading, Results and discussion, with possible divisions and subdivisions, and with a formal Conclusion of 10 to 15 lines. There is no reference section.
Trends and Reviews should be divided into an Introduction, the subject treated under headings, with possible subdivisions, and a Conclusion.
PREPARING THE MANUSCRIPT
The following instructions apply to all types of articles.
First pages. Running title (60 characters maximum); full title; author(s) name(s), including first names; institutional affiliation with complete address; the name, address, fax number, and e-mail address of the author responsible for editorial correspondence; and any information concerning the present address of an author. The title should be brief and informative. Minimize taxonomic names in a title. The title may include only the most common abbreviations (ATP, NADH, DNA, etc.).
Second page. The Abstract should appear as a single paragraph (maximum 250 words). It should indicate the objective of the work, the material (with full taxonomic name), and the essential results. Any abbreviations must be defined therein. No references are to be cited.
Third page. Key words (7 maximum) and an alphabetical list of frequently used abbreviations, with definitions, appearing in any part of the manuscript. If a term seldom appears in the article, spell it out in full in the text even though commonly abbreviated.
Fourth page. Text. Begin each major section (Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, etc.) on a new page.
Methods should be written in such a way that a reader with experience could repeat the experiment. When the techniques are not original, they should be simply indicated by the appropriate reference. The exact taxonomic name (genus, species, authority, and cultivar, where appropriate) of any material used must be shown—e.g., Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing.
All experimental results must first appear concisely in the Results, without duplication of data between tables and figures.
No new results should be presented in the Discussion. However, tables and figures derived from the results (e.g., comparisons, schemes, models) may be introduced in order to clarify the discussion or generalize conclusions.
TABLES AND FIGURES
In the text, write Figure 1A shows . . . , Table 1B indicates . . . , but cite (Fig. 1A), (Figs. 1A and B), (Figs. 1, 2, and 3); (Table 1A), ( Tables 1 and 2).
The preferred position for the figures and tables should be indicated in pencil in the margin of the manuscript. All figures and tables must be specifically referred to in the text.
Tables. Tables are identified with Arabic numerals. They should each be typed on a separate page. If a table is large, use several pages. Minimize the number of columns.
The title of the table should be informative and brief. Avoid abbreviations in the title. Following the title, concise technical comments should make the table comprehensible without reference to the text. Long titles and long column heads should be avoided by the use of such notes. Include units in the column headings.
Tables must be consistent. A heading to a column or line applies to all values therein. Simplify nonsignificant numbers and decimals.
Figures. Figures are identified with Arabic numerals. Legends are typed sequentially on one page separate from the figures. Each legend consists of a brief title, without abbreviations, followed, if necessary, by a short technical comment so that the figure is comprehensible without reference to the text. Identify different parts of a composite figure by capital letters so that exact references may be made in the text: Figure 1A . . .; (Figs. 1A and B). It is the responsibility of the author to obtain permission to use previously published material. Permission must be obtained from the original copyright owner, which in most cases is the publisher.
Figures must be neatly drawn and contrasted (black on white). Computer representations of figures must be equal in quality to those drawn professionally and should be reproduced on a laser printer. Wherever possible, frame figures; hence coordinate axes should be completed to form a box. Centered captions, parallel to the axes, are used to indicate the measured attributes and their dimensions (in brackets). Evenly spaced numbering is placed external to the axes, while reference marks are internal and on all four sides of the box. Authors should plan to set all figures to one column width (8 cm). Avoid the rhombs, x, and + symbols.
Halftone photographs are only accepted when unavoidable. Such photographs should be positive, on glossy paper and of high contrast. It is strongly recommended that photographs be provided at in their final sizes. The authors may group several photographs into a single figure in its final size (e.g., Figs. 1A, B, C). Micrographs must include a bar of unit length (scale). Color reproduction of figures is possible provided the author bears all incremental charges. An estimate of these charges will be given upon request. A letter acknowledging the author’s willingness to defray the cost of color reproduction should accompany the revised manuscript.
Electronic art is acceptable only if originally scanned as a .tif or .eps file or in Adobe Illustrator at a minimum of 300 ppi (pixels per inch). Rules should be a minimum of 1 pt. Grayscale reproductions must be between 15% and 60% and must be differentiated from each other by at least 10%. Each figure should be stored in its own file, not embedded in the text files. Note that JPEG, PowerPoint, or embedded formats are not acceptable, nor can they be resaved as .tif or .eps files. These are low resolution, compressed formats that may appear acceptable on a computer screen, but the information lost during compression cannot be retrieved to created the high-resolution image that is necessary for printed publications.
REFERENCES
The following examples for the reference list cover most situations. The punctuation given must be followed exactly.
Vierstra R. D. 1987. Ubiquitin, a key component in the degradation of mushrooms proteins. Physiol Plant, 70, 103–106.
Whalsgrove R. M., Keys A. J., Lea P. L., and Miflin B. J. 1990. Photosynthesis, photorespiration and nitrogen metabolism. Plant Cell Environ, 6, 301–309.
Ohirogge J. B. 1987. Biochemistry of plant acyl carrier proteins. In: The biochemistry of plants: A comprehensive treatise, 9, Stumpf P. K. and Conn E. E., ed., Academic Press, New York, 137–157.
Hobbs Ch. 1995. Medicinal mushrooms: An exploration of tradition, healing and culture. Santa Cruz, Botanica Press. 251 p.
Vella J. 1990. Enzymes of carbohydrates metabolism in soybean nodules. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Sydney.
In the reference list, works are presented in alphabetical order by the first author (or, when necessary, the second).
When two articles are cited for one or more authors, these titles are listed chronologically. When one or more authors are cited for several articles in any one year, a distinction is made thus: 1992a,b.
In the text, write Mizuno (1989) has shown . . . ; Mizuno and Sugiyama (1995) described...; Mizuno et al. (1995) found . . . , but cite: (Mizuno, 1989; Mizuno et al., 1995; Mizuno and Sugiyama, 1995). In bracketed citations, chronological rather than alphabetical order applies.
For references with more than two authors, the name of the first author followed by et al. should be used.
An article cannot be cited in the reference list unless it has been accepted for publication.
Articles should not contain more than 50 references, and Reviews no more than 80.
DISK SUBMISSION
Authors are encouraged to include computer disk versions of manuscripts. Please label the disk clearly with program (indicate version) and type of computer used. Preferably send a 3,5" disk. Most of the word processors, such as IBM (Microsoft Word) or Apple (MacWriter or Word) can be used. We prefer IBM-compatible computers.
Once your text is typed, save your file under two versions (if possible):
- An ASCII version (it suppresses all the typographies characters and allows us to read your text whatever software you used.)
- A formatted version (depending on your word processor it may allow us to use all the typographies characters such as bold, underline, . . .).
Do not mix draw files with your text files and never include illustrations in your text.
Each disk should be delivered with a paper printout of your article (reserve a margin on the sheet to allow hand corrections.
DETAILS OF STYLE
At its first mention in the main text, and also in the Abstract and Materials and Methods sections, mushrooms material must be identified by official nomenclature. Subsequently a simplified form may be used, (e.g., L. edodes, malate dehydrogenase [or even MDH if defined under Abbreviations]).
Avoid beginning a sentence with a number. If absolutely necessary, spell out the number.
Begin paragraphs with an indent of five spaces.
Write buffers: 0.3 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2).
Write ions: Ca2+ and not Ca++.
Write mixtures: methanol/chloroform/water (12/5/4, v/v/v).
Structural formulae of organic chemicals generally have to be drawn and so constitute figures.
Use throughout the form mL h–1 mg–1 rather than the ambiguous notations mL/h mg or mL/h/mg.
Use absolute units choosing dimensions that obviate power of 10—for instance, 5 mM rather than 5 ´ 10–3 M; 0.5 mg g–1 (or 500 mg kg–1) rather than 50 mg/100g.
Do not confuse quantity: mole, micromole (mol, mmol) with concentration: molar, micromolar (M, mM).
Certain current abbreviations may be used without definitions—e.g., ATP, NAD, DNA. In other cases (e.g., CAM, IAA, EDTA, GA) define abbreviations.
The SI units and their derivatives are strongly recommended over former terms [Pa and bar rather than atm; Bq replaces Ci (I Ci = 3.7 1010 Bq); J replaces cal; kat (conversion of one mole of substrate per second) replaces IU; I IU = 16.7 nkat]. Unit abbreviations neither take a full stop nor change in the plural.
OFFPRINTS
Forms and instructions for ordering offprints will be included with the page proofs sent to the authors.
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International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms
