Atomization and Sprays Journal of the International Institutes for Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems

ISSN for PRINT: 1045-5110

For Online Access

Best Paper Award Selection - Editorial Board Site

2000, Volume10

Issue 3-5

318 pages

Issue price - $225.00

Arthur H. Lefebvre
Emeritus Professor, Cranfield University, Stratford, U.K., and Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, USA

As its title suggests, this article is devoted to developments in gas turbine fuel injection during the past half-century. It describes in general terms the evolution of pressure atomizers from the simplex nozzle of the 1940s to the dual-orifice injector that remained in widespread use for over 20 years until it was replaced by the various forms of airblast atomizer that dominated the scene for the next three decades. The pressure nozzles described herein include simplex, duplex, dual-orifice, fan-spray, and spill-return. The inherent design flexibility of the airblast concept encouraged a wide variety of injector configurations, ranging from simple air-assist nozzles to the more sophisticated designs of today, in which part of the atomizing air is carried by the nozzle itself while the remainder flows through swirlers mounted on the combustion liner. Attention is focused on the relative merits of the various nozzle types, both pressure and airblast, in regard to their ability to satisfy stringent performance requirements while surviving for many thousands of hours in the increasingly hostile environment created by the continuing trend toward engines of higher pressure ratio. Reference is made to some new developments in atomizer design and manufacture and to the ongoing role of the fuel injector in finding solutions to the problems posed by ultralow-emissions combustors, many of which are required to operate near the lean extinction limit on fully premixed fuel−air mixtures.

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