Critical Reviews™ in Eukaryotic Gene Expression

ISSN for PRINT: 1045-4403

For Online Access

Best Paper Award Selection - Editorial Board Site

2007, Volume17

Issue 1

91 pages

Issue price - $197.00

R. C. Khanal
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and the Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-8700

Ilka Nemere
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and the Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-8700

Membrane-initiated signaling by steroid hormones is now widely accepted. Current debate is centered upon which protein moieties act as membrane-associated receptors. In this review, we consider evidence for the classical vitamin D receptor (VDR) in this role, as well as the more recently identified 1,25D₃-MARRS (membrane-associated, rapid response steroid binding) receptor, also known as ERp57/GRp58. The structure of the 1,25D₃-MARRS receptor is discussed, with emphasis on two thioredoxin domains that promote dimerization and ligand binding. We then summarize recent studies on a 24,25(OH)₂D₃ binding protein—catalase—and how ligand-induced decreases in enzymatic activity produce increased reactive oxygen species that target both the 1,25D₃-MARRS receptor—but not the VDR—and the protein kinase C signaling pathway. Finally, we briefly discuss the available literature suggesting that the metabolite 25(OH)D3 may also be biologically active.

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