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International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

ISSN for PRINT: 1521-9437

Institutional price:	$538.00
Issues per year:	4

Best Paper Award Selection - Editorial Board Site

2005, Volume7

344 pages

DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v7.i12

Issue price - $256.00

β-Glucan of Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Cooperatively Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-6 with Lipopolysaccharide by Binding to Dectin-1

Su Kyoung Sung
Department of Life Sciences, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea

Mi Jung Kim
Department of Life Sciences, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea

Dong Hee Lee
Department of Life Sciences, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea

Se Young Choung
College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea

Byong Kak Kim
College of Pharmacy Seoul National University Seoul 151-724; and Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea

Ha Won Kim
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, and Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea

ABSTRACT

β-Glucan is a glucose polymer that has linkage of β-(1,3), -(1,4) and -(1,6). Exclusively found in fungal and bacterial, not in animal, cell walls, β-glucans are recognized by the innate immune system. Dendritic cells (DC) or macrophages possess pattern recognition molecules (PRM) for binding β-glucan in the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). Recently, β-glucan receptor was cloned from DC and named dectin-1, which belongs to the type II C-type lectin family. Human dectin-1 consists of 7 exons and 6 introns.The polypeptide of dectin-1 has 247 amino acids and has cytoplasmic, transmembrane, stalk, and carbohydrate recognition domains. Dectin-1 can recognize a variety of β-1,3 and/or β-1,6 glucan linkages, but not α-glucans. In our macrophage cell line culture system, dectin-1 mRNAwas detected in RAW264.7 cells by a reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Dectin-1 was also detected in the murine organs of spleen, thymus, lung, and intestine. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with β-glucans of Ganoderma lucidum (GLG) resulted in increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the presence of LPS. However, GLG alone did not increase IL-6 or TNF-α. These results suggest that receptor dectin-1 cooperates with CD14 to activate signal transduction, which is very critical in immunoresponses.